Romanticism:
1. How is the Romantic construction of the Sublime reflected in the
ideological, conceptual and linguistic construction of the texts under
consideration in this Romanticism reader? Discuss one or two examples...
Post-/modernism
1. What are the key features of High Modernism and what was the ‘movements’ agenda with regards language use?
2. How can you identify Modernist texts?
3. Is post-modernism an extension or refutation of Modernism?
4. What is ‘Beat’ poetry ?
5. What is the link between Beat poetry and blues, Beat poetry and rap?
6. What is it about both Beat poetry and rap that has provoked censorship?
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ReplyDeletePost-Modernism has a very similar stance with Modernism because has taken a critical stance about realism. Among a number of features in Realism, reproducibility based on an imitation theory is one of the most important features to distinguish Modernism and Realism. Realism writers who regard a work of art based on Romanticism as ‘a beautiful lie’ aim for reflection or imitation. But, doubts about reproducibility emerge more strongly in postmodern eras than Modernism. Postmodernists do not have a firm faith about nature, the universe or existence unlike Realists. They who lay stress on the creation world more real world tend to look on reality as disturbance to artistic creation. A stance about opposite Realism and emphasis on non-reproducibility in Postmodernism is well revealed in meta-fiction. Most authors who were categorized Postmodernists regard self-reflectional meta-fiction as very important genre. But self-reflectional tests are not welcomed all the people. That is always condemned rather than admiration. Alter maintains that an extremely experiment of Postmodernism is a self-indulgence not freedom.
ReplyDeleteModernism could not banish completely a longing for an authority despite serious challenges and violence criticisms about the accomplished tradition and conventionality because it tried to depend on authority as means of controlling chaos and disorders which are all too obviously present in 20th century. In other words, Modernism stands their grounds which are really radical and revolutionary in a form and a technique but viewed from the other sides, it is still conservative in contents and subjects. This is two-sided character which is fundamental nature of Modernism.
A genre of art including literature is classified rigidly like class of the military or the angelic order in Modern eras. In Postmodern eras, however, high barriers collapse and each genre is a mixture and combination. Fiedler says that from this time the work which leaves a boundary line and narrows the gap started. This is a phenomenon which is known that new nontraditional ways or genre spread.
Postmodernist who criticized elitist characteristic which has deadly oriented high class's arts, that's on one hand, but also tried to attract the arts which have considerable gap from detailed daily life to life. Most important esthetic goal of Postmodernist is to combine the arts and life.They tried to fulfill a kind of guerrilla mission which destroys existing order and establishes new society order.
Post-modernism is not only a logical succession and development of Modernism but also a critical reaction and severance. This has two different faces like Janus.
Reference
Cho, S. (2012, May 31). Modernism and Postmodernism. In Plan X. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from http://cafe.naver.com/planxx/307
3. Is post-modernism an extension or refutation of Modernism?
Delete4. What is ‘Beat Poetry’? & 6. What is it about Beat poetry and rap that has provoked censorship?
ReplyDeleteThe emergence of the ‘Beat’ generation in the 50s came at a time when a group of American writers and poets were seeking an outlet to the ideological constrictions forced onto them by an economy recovering from war and expectations of society. It was a reaction, freedom of expression, lyricism at its best used to hit back in protest against materialism and war, it talked about suffering, and addiction, and protest against capitalism and political conformation of any kind. Ginsbergs Howl (1956) is considered to be an excellent exemplar of beat poetry, however ‘America’ (1956) deserves just as equal a pedestal status. Sixty years later, after it was first penned, the theme in this piece is still prevalent in modern society.
In Rap (or hip hop) blatant dismissal of governmental authority through damning lyrics urged artists to create music (beats) that reflect emotions elicited through the rhymes. For example NWA (Nigga with an attitude) were considered to be controversial rap artists in the late 80s. They released an album titled “Straight Outta Compton”, and actions were made to censor the explicit content which spat hate and harm to figures of authority. The release of ‘Fuck the Police’ hinted at the ideological positioning of young black youths at the time, so they fought back with powerful lyrics and head bumping beats saying:
‘fuckin with me cuz I’m a teenager, with a little bit of gold and pager, searching my car lookin for the product, thinkin every Nigga is sellin narcotics”. A similar theme is found in Public Enemys release of ‘Fight the Power’ (1999).
Eminem was a white rapper, talking like a black man, and rolled like an artist. He had no gang affiliations however; the messages in his lyrics are clear ranging from anti bush administration, anti war, to domestic violence. In ‘Square Dance’ (2002), mocking Bush as a gun totting redneck. Mockingbird (2002), is a reflection of his family, and raps about drug abuse, broken homes and basically a rag to riches story. In ‘Mosh’ (2004), the message is evident in the first 3 lines, and it continues till, “stomp, push, shove much, fuck bush, until they bring our troops home…”, these powerful lyrics accompanied with slow mid tempo beats are created by Dr Dre from NWA.
Beat Poetry and Rap blur the lines of politically correct content. This freedom of expression was often put under the censorship radar because Governmental departments felt that this form of art may have the potential to sway individual thought, or perhaps they are afraid that the controversial content speak the truth.
References
Johnston, A. (2005). Consumption, Addiction, Vision, Energy: Political Economies and Utopian Visions in the Writings of the Beat Generation. College Literature, 32(2), 103-126.
4. What is ‘Beat’ poetry ?
ReplyDeleteBeat generation means people who values a preindustrial country life, trust to the human spirit, optimistic thinking against that the individuals have degenerated one part of social organization because of an aspect of homogeneity and standardization in America in the 1950s. They refuse a main value of the older generation as previous Lost Generation in the 1920s. Beat generation can be divide into two classes. One is Hopsters who have a tendency of revolutionary; the other is Beatniks who have a tendency of vagabond. They make poetry living accomplished society, do a dance to jazz music. Beat generation live San Francisco or New Orleans. There are some major works which are Howl and Other Poems (1956) from Allen Ginsberg, The Naked Lunch (1959) from Willam S. Burrough and On the Road (1957) From Jack Kerouac.
Reference
Jack Kerouac and Beat Generation (2010, October 21). Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://blog.joinsmsn.com/media/folderlistslide.asp?uid=fabiano&folder=21&list_id=11877446
2. How can you identify Modernist texts?
ReplyDeleteModernism is term for features of senses, forms, styles of arts and literature after World War one.
There are some modes which are Expressionism, Futurism, Dadaism, Sur-realism, Cubism, and Intellectualism called modernism. In general, the meaning of modernism is ambiguous because of two or three forms are called as the modernism. In spite of this ambiguity, modernism has a negative character about realism.
A destruction of scientific rationalism, a change of values about a religion and human and a destruction of ethics and order demand new philosophy in the late 20th century. Modernism lays great stress on a convention and a technique unlike a tradition aesthetic. On this account, it gives an artistic sense a shock and improves the quality of art. Modernism, however, is a long way from the general public because of an immaturity and abstruseness. Also, diversities of modernism are criticized for decadent bourgeois aesthetics. In it, however, has the potential to destroy capitalist ideology. Capitalist ideology conceals a bourgeois modernity.
An aspect in modernism esthetics has defining characteristic which is divided into author's subjective descriptions or objective reality descriptions. Realism aesthetics shows a realistic life depend on a reappearance principle in the middle of 19th to in the early 20th century. On the other hand, modernism esthetics excludes a reproduction of ideology by refusing a reproduction itself. But this does not mean the severance from reality.
Modernist texts focus on a consciousness changing by using an interior monologue and the stream of consciousness. A content of texts show that the reality of life is composed of trivial, coincidental and strange fragments. So modernism texts seem to ambiguity and unexpected fragments or an accidental chain of events. Modernism poems can divide into imagism poems of British and the United States and symbolism poems of France. Modernism texts give better attention to a form and technique than content.
Reference
About Modernism (2005, April 15). Retrieved June 15, 2012, from http://kin.naver.com/qna/detail.nhn?d1id=3&dirId=307&docId=55635692&qb=7J6Q6riw7J247Iud7KCB7J20IOuQmOuKlCDsnbTsnKDripQg7J6R6rCA7J2YIOqwnOyEseyggSDtkZztmITsnbQg7JWE64uMIOyjvOyytOuKlCDtmITsi6Tsl5DshJwg7
4. What is Beat Poetry?
ReplyDeleteIn the 1950's it is a time where a group of American writers get frustated of the nation's economic welfare and society standing. They also have some issues with sexuality. They became known as the Beat Generation. Their poems and literature style revolved around being expressive, casual and upbeat. The members of this group are the founders, Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg who are the main members,Lucien Carr, John Clellon Holmes, and Neal Cassidy.
Reference
The Literature Network. (n.d). The Beat Generation. Retrieved from
http://www.online-literature.com/periods/beat.php